What I learned
3.1: Variables
Taught by: Ahaan Vaidyanathan, Spencer Lyons, Vasanth Rajasekaran, Xavier Thompson
Python Variables
How to define (Syntax):
number_variable = 100
string_variable = "string"
Python variables tend to use snake casing as their naming covention.
Javascript Variables
How to define (Syntax):
const willNotChange = 100
let canChange = 20
canChange = "I am a string now!"
// willNotChange = "abc"
// This does not work because willNotChange is defined with const
Javascript variables tend to use camel casing as their naming convention.
3.2: Data Abstraction (Data Types & JSON)
Taught by: Gabriela, Jowan, Michelle
Data Types
Integers (Whole Numbers)
a = 10
b = 1
c = 22
These can NOT have decimals!
Floating-Point Numbers (Decimal Numbers)
a = 1.5
b = 3.14
c = 0.99
Strings (Words)
a = "Hello World!"
b = "123"
c = 'tiny quotes'
Lists
cool_list = [1, 2, 3]
Tuples
cool_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
Dictionaries
cool_dict = {"key": "value"}
Sets
cool_set = {1, 2, 3}
Booleans
is_cool = True
is_not_cool = False
None
nothing = None
JSON
JSON is a way to represent data in a format that is easy to read and write. It stands for JavaScript Object Notation.
{
"name": "Wyatt",
"age": 16,
"is_cool": true
}
3.3: Mathematical Expressions
Taught by: Myself, Trevor V, Max G, Johan M, Luke S
Basic Mathematical Expressions
Addition
a = 10
b = 5
c = a + b
print(c) # 15
Subtraction
a = 10
b = 5
c = a - b
print(c) # 5
Multiplication
a = 10
b = 5
c = a * b
print(c) # 50
Division
a = 10
b = 5
c = a / b
print(c) # 2
Exponentiation
a = 10
b = 5
c = a ** b
print(c) # 100000
Modulo
a = 10
b = 5
c = a % b
print(c) # 0
More Mathematical Expressions
Absolute Value
a = -10
c = abs(a)
print(c) # 10
Square Root
a = 4
b = a ** 0.5
print(b) # 2
3.4: Strings
Taught by: Ahaan Vaidyanathan, Spencer Lyons, Vasanth Rajasekaran, Xavier Thompson
Strings
Strings can be used to represent text.
text = "Hello World!"
print(text) # Hello World!
Strings: are immutable, can be indexed, and can be concatenated.
a = "Hello World!"
b = "Hello"
c = a + b
print(c) # Hello World! Hello
a = "Hello World!"
c = a[0]
print(c) # H
Strings have some built-in methods that can be used to manipulate them.
a = "Hello World!"
b = a.upper()
print(b) # HELLO WORLD!
3.5: Booleans
Taught by: Myself, Wyatt Z, Max G, Johan M, Luke S
Booleans are a type of data that can only have two values: True or False.
is_cool = True
is_boring = False
Booleans can be used in conditional statements.
is_cool = True
if is_cool:
print("I am cool!")
else:
print("I am not cool.")
De Morgan’s Law
if not(a || b):
print("a AND b are both false")
if not a && not b:
print("a AND b are both false (SAME AS ABOVE)")
if not(a && b):
print("a OR b are false")
if not a || not b:
print("a OR b are false (SAME AS ABOVE)")
3.6: Conditional Statements
Taught by: Zoe, Avika, Rutvik, Jonah, Aarush
Conditional statements are used to make decisions in a program (used to execute code only if certain conditions are true).
PYTHON EXAMPLE:
is_cool = True
if is_cool:
print("I am cool!")
else:
print("I am not cool.")
# Output: I am cool!
JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE:
const isCool = true;
if (isCool) {
console.log("I am cool!");
} else {
console.log("I am not cool.");
}
The if statement will have a boolean condition. If the condition is true, the code inside the if block will be executed. If the condition is false, the code inside the else block will be executed.
3.7: Nested Conditional Statements
Taught by: Zoe, Avika, Rutvik, Jonah, Aarush
Nested conditional statements are useful when you need to check multiple conditions before performing an action. They allow you to create complex logic flows.
PYTHON EXAMPLE:
is_cool = True
is_fast = False
if is_cool:
if is_fast:
print("I am fast and cool.")
else:
print("I am cool!")
else:
print("I am not cool.")
JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE:
const isCool = true;
const isFast = false;
if (isCool) {
if (isFast) {
console.log("I am fast and cool.");
} else {
console.log("I am cool!");
}
} else {
console.log("I am not cool.");
}
3.8: Recursion Iteration and Nested For Loops
Taught by: Armaghan, Hithin, Elliot, Nikhil
Recursion is a programming technique where a function calls itself. It is useful when you need to solve a problem that can be broken down into smaller subproblems.
PYTHON EXAMPLE:
def factorial(n):
if n == 0: # Base case
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1) # Recursive call
print(factorial(5)) # 120
JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE:
function factorial(n) {
if (n == 0) { // Base case
return 1;
} else {
return n * factorial(n-1); // Recursive call
}
}
console.log(factorial(5)); # 120
Nested for loops are used to iterate through multiple collections of data. They are useful when you need to perform the same action on each item in a collection.
PYTHON EXAMPLE:
groups = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
for group in groups:
for number in group:
print(number)
JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE:
const groups = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]];
for (let group of groups) {
for (let number of group) {
console.log(number);
}
}
3.10: Lists
Taught by: Ryan N, Yash P, Jackson P, Arush S, Aranya
Lists are a type of data structure that can hold multiple items. They are ordered and can be indexed.
PYTHON EXAMPLE:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0]) # apple
print(fruits[1]) # banana
print(fruits[2]) # cherry
JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE:
const fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
console.log(fruits[0]); // apple
console.log(fruits[1]); // banana
console.log(fruits[2]); // cherry
Lists can be modified with different methods.
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("orange") # Adds an item to the end of the list
fruits.insert(0, "grape") # Adds an item to the beginning of the list
fruits.remove("banana") # Removes an item from the list
fruits.pop() # Removes and returns the last item in the list